What does Fenske equation determine?
The Fenske equation in continuous fractional distillation is an equation used for calculating the minimum number of theoretical plates required for the separation of a binary feed stream by a fractionation column that is being operated at total reflux (i.e., which means that no overhead product distillate is being …
How is Mccabe Thiele reflux ratio calculated?
Minimum Reflux Ratio (Rm) Draw a line from ( xD, yD) passing through ( x1, y1) with an intercept xD / (Rm + 1) on Y axis. Reflux ratio is calculated as 1.5 times the minimum reflux ratio.
How do you calculate reflux ratio?
The reflux ratio is defined as the ratio of the liquid returned to the column divided by the liquid removed as product, i.e., R = Lc/D.
How does multicomponent distillation work?
Multicomponent distillation is a chemical process in which a mixture of volatile compounds separates based on their boiling points. The process occurs in a distillation column, a vertical stacking of trays or stages upon which components in their liquid and vapor phases coexist.
What does Fenske mean?
The surname of FENSKE was a German and Ashkenazic Jewish occupational name for a maker of windows. The name was derived from the Old German word FENSTE (window) and rendered in medieval documents in the Latin form FENESTRA.
What assumption is made in Fenske equation derivation?
The derivation of the Fenske equation assumes that the relative volatility is constant in the distillation column. Theoretical plates are also often referred to as theoretical trays or equilibrium stages.
How do you calculate minimum reflux?
The minimum reflux rate can be determined mathematically from the endpoints of the rectifying line at minimum reflux — the overhead product composition point (xD,xD) and the point of intersection of the feed line and equilibrium curve (x’, y’).
What is Q in Mccabe Thiele method?
The parameter q is the mole fraction of liquid in the feed, and the slope of the q-line is q / (q – 1). For example, if the feed is a saturated liquid it has no vapor, thus q = 1 and the slope of the q-line is infinite (a vertical line).
What is reflux and reflux ratio?
The Reflux ratio is the ratio between the boil up rate and the take-off rate. Or in other words, it is the ratio between the amount of reflux that goes back down the distillation column and the amount of reflux that is collected in the receiver (distillate).
What is Gilliland equation?
An empirical equation used to estimate the number of stages required in a distillation column. It uses the minimum number of stages as well as minimum and actual reflux ratios in the calculation. It is named after American chemical engineer Edwin Gilliland (… …
What is fug method?
The two most important shortcut methods reported in the literature made use of the Fenske-Underwood-Gilliland ( FUG ) method developed for continuous distillation, but considering that the feed changes at every instant; that is, the bottom product in the current time is the feed for the next time (step).