What did Archbishop Mannix do to oppose conscription?
During the 1916 conscription campaign, Mannix argued that Australia was already doing enough to help the British. Despite only speaking publicly twice, he became the government’s scapegoat for the ballot’s narrow defeat. By the 1917 referendum, Mannix, like many others, argued more passionately against conscription.
What did Mannix call ww1?
While opening the St Ambrose School on 28 January 1917, Mannix declared that World War One was an “ordinary trade war”. Mannix’s “trade war” speech occurred in the aftermath of the first referendum on conscription.
What were the conscription arguments?
Those supporting conscription argued that:
- military service should not be an individual choice.
- the supreme duty a citizen owed to their country was to fight for it.
- the burden of the war must be shared equitably.
Why did Billy Hughes want conscription?
On his return to Australia, he declared his view that conscription was needed to supply the Australian forces with a sufficient number of soldiers. Opposition to his proposal from within the governing Labor Party led Hughes to propose a plebiscite to decide the issue.
Who was the first Catholic bishop in Australia?
Archbishop John Bede Polding
Archbishop John Bede Polding, the first Catholic Bishop of Australia, was a Benedictine monk at Downside Abbey in England when he was made the first Bishop of the colony of NSW in 1834. His first concern as a pastor was the plight of the convicts.
What is the meaning of conscription?
Definition of conscription : compulsory enrollment of persons especially for military service : draft During the war the armed forces were heavily dependent on conscription.
When did Mannix move to Australia?
Consecrated titular archbishop of Pharsalus in 1912, he arrived in Melbourne in the following year as coadjutor archbishop, becoming archbishop of Melbourne in 1917.
What party was Billy Hughes in?
Australian PartyBilly Hughes / PartyThe Australian Party was a political party founded and led by Billy Hughes after his expulsion from the Nationalist Party. The party was formed in 1929, and at its peak had four members of federal parliament. It was merged into the new United Australia Party in 1931, having never contested a federal election. Wikipedia
Why is conscription wrong?
Conscription not only drills men’s bodies, but their minds. It makes them obedient to authority, whether right or wrong; takes away their power to think originally; makes them expert with guns, and there- fore, eager to use them; and gives them a hatred of independent thought and contempt for human life.
Who was against conscription in Australia?
Outspoken Catholic Archbishop of Melbourne, Daniel Mannix, was also vehement in his opposition to the war and to conscription. However, many Catholics raised in Australia supported conscription and the war. You can search for materials on conscription on the State Library catalogue.
Who opposed conscription in Australia?
Labor Prime Minister Billy Hughes reached the conclusion that conscription would be necessary to raise the required number of reinforcements. However, conscription was strongly opposed by his own party in the senate. Hughes decided to take the issue directly to the people.
Which Pope was responsible for initiating the Second Vatican Council?
Aggiornamento. The Second Vatican Council (or Vatican II) was the twenty-first ecumenical council of the Catholic Church . It was convened by Saint John XXIII and lasted for four sessions from 1962 through 1965. It produced a series of documents to direct the life of the Church in the twentieth century and beyond.