What is PU 1 transcription factor?
PU. 1, encoded by the Spi1 gene, is an ETS-family transcription factor with multiple roles in hematopoiesis. It is a lineage-specifying transcription factor that positively regulates many genes in the macrophage, granulocyte, dendritic-cell and B-cell lineages.
What is the AP 1 gene?
Activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a transcription factor that regulates gene expression in response to a variety of stimuli, including cytokines, growth factors, stress, and bacterial and viral infections. AP-1 controls a number of cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis.
What is Spi protein?
SPI–structure predictability index for protein sequences.
Where are transcription factors synthesized?
the nucleus
Nuclear localization. In eukaryotes, transcription factors (like most proteins) are transcribed in the nucleus but are then translated in the cell’s cytoplasm. Many proteins that are active in the nucleus contain nuclear localization signals that direct them to the nucleus.
Which system does hematopoiesis occur?
Hematopoiesis is the production of all of the cellular components of blood and blood plasma. It occurs within the hematopoietic system, which includes organs and tissues such as the bone marrow, liver, and spleen. Simply, hematopoiesis is the process through which the body manufactures blood cells.
What genes does AP-1 regulate?
AP-1 proteins regulate immunomodulatory genes There are several immunomodulatory molecules which are AP-1 transcription targets in cHL and ALK+ ALCL. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is an immunoglycan highly expressed in cHL and ALK+ ALCL patients and its expression strongly correlates with c-Jun levels [111,112,113].
What does Nrf2 stand for?
Nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a critical transcription factor that regulates the expression of over 1000 genes in the cell under normal and stressed conditions.
What increases gene transcription?
Enhancers increase the rate of transcription of genes, while repressors decrease the rate of transcription.
What is a basal factor?
General transcription factors (GTFs), also known as basal transcriptional factors, are a class of protein transcription factors that bind to specific sites (promoter) on DNA to activate transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA.
What triggers hematopoiesis?
The cells of the hematopoietic (blood-forming) system in the bone marrow do so upon receipt of a signal by a hormone called erythropoietin, or Epo for short. This hormone is produced mainly by the kidney that increases the Epo level by up to a thousand-fold as a response to falling oxygen saturation of the blood.
What is the AP-1 protein?
AP-1 proteins are a versatile family of dimeric transcription factors. The activator protein-1 (AP-1) proteins are a collection of transcription factors characterized by the presence of a basic leucine zipper (bZip) domain (Fig. 1a).