What is the mechanism of goiter?
A deficiency in thyroid hormone synthesis or intake leads to increased TSH production. Increased TSH causes increased cellularity and hyperplasia of the thyroid gland in an attempt to normalize thyroid hormone levels. If this process is sustained, a goiter is established.
How does goiter affect pregnancy?
There is greater risk to the pregnancy from an untreated overactive thyroid gland than from taking antithyroid medication. Untreated hyperthyroidism can also lead to complications of high blood pressure in pregnancy, poor growth of the baby and premature delivery.
Does hypothyroidism affect labor?
Primary hypothyroidism was associated with decreased odds of spontaneous labor and increased odds of cesarean section after spontaneous labor, prelabor cesarean section, and induction.
Does thyroid affect normal delivery?
Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism has many effects. It may lead to preterm birth (before 37 weeks of pregnancy) and low birth weight for the baby. Some studies have shown an increase in pregnancy-induced hypertension (high blood pressure of pregnancy) in women with hyperthyroidism.
What are functions of thyroid hormones?
Thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) affects every cell and all the organs in your body by: Regulating the rate at which your body uses calories (energy). This affects weight loss or weight gain and is called the metabolic rate. Slowing down or speeding up your heart rate.
What is the significance of a goiter?
A goiter can occur in a gland that is producing too much hormone (hyperthyroidism), too little hormone (hypothyroidism), or the correct amount of hormone (euthyroidism). A goiter indicates there is a condition present which is causing the thyroid to grow abnormally.
Is there any problem in pregnancy due to thyroid?
The thyroid makes hormones that help your body work. If it makes too little or too much of these hormones, you may have problems during pregnancy. Untreated thyroid conditions during pregnancy are linked to serious problems, including premature birth, miscarriage and stillbirth.
What happens if your thyroid is low during pregnancy?
Many symptoms of hypothyroidism are similar to pregnancy symptoms. For example, fatigue, weight gain, and abnormal menstruation are common to both. Having low thyroid hormone levels may even interfere with becoming pregnant or be a cause of miscarriage.
Can thyroid delay labor?
Why thyroid happens in pregnancy?
Two pregnancy-related hormones—human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and estrogen—cause higher measured thyroid hormone levels in your blood. The thyroid enlarges slightly in healthy women during pregnancy, but usually not enough for a health care professional to feel during a physical exam.
How does thyroid affect the baby during pregnancy?
How can hypothyroidism affect me and my baby? These problems occur most often with severe hypothyroidism. Because thyroid hormones are so important to your baby’s brain and nervous system development, untreated hypothyroidism—especially during the first trimester—can cause low IQ and problems with normal development.
What is the target of thyroid hormone?
| Endocrine gland/ source of hormone | Hormone | Target organ or tissue |
|---|---|---|
| Thyroid | Thyroxine (T4) Triiodothyronine (T3) | Most tissues |
| Calcitonin | Bone | |
| Parathyroids | PTH (parathyroid hormone) | Bone, kidneys, intestine |
| Thymus (regresses in adulthood) | Thymopoetin | T-lymphocyte cells in blood |
Where does endemic goiter occur?
Endemic goiter is prevalent in areas of the world in which low levels of iodine are contained in the food, water, and soil. When goiters are present in over 10% of a region’s population, the term endemic is used. Endemic goiter is most common in mountainous areas, including the Himalayas and Andes, where there is significant iodine deficiency.
How can the prevalence of endemic goiter be artificially increased?
Prevalence of endemic goiter can be artificially increased if the normal upper limit of thyroid volume is decreased When there is nutritional deficiency of iodine, there is decreased capacity of the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones Increased TSH results in diffuse hypertrophy of thyroid glandular tissue which manifests grossly as a goiter
What causes multinodular endemic goiter?
Multinodular endemic goiter usually develops on the background of a normally functioning thyroid gland.
What is the prognosis of endemic goiter?
The prognosis of endemic goiter depends on the stage at which the disease, the form was diagnosed, and also from compliance with all the recommendations prescribed by the doctor. In most cases, thanks to modern technologies, the disease does not pose a threat to the life and health of the patient.