What is export control reform?
Export Control Reform (ECR), an initiative of the Obama Administration, seeks to revamp an outdated, complicated, and sluggish export control regime. Aerospace and defense companies rely heavily on the international market for sales.
What does the Export Control Act do?
Export control laws are in place to protect U.S. national security, foreign policy, and economic interests without imposing undue regulatory burdens on legitimate international trade. An export control license is the U.S. government mechanism to allow and trace transfers of export controlled technologies.
When was export control reform?
August 13, 2018
Key Points. ECRA became law on August 13, 2018. It is the permanent statutory authority for the EAR, which is administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce’s BIS. The new law codifies long-standing BIS policies and does not require changes to the EAR, such as to its country-specific licensing requirements.
What are the objectives of export control?
The U.S. export laws and regulations aim at achieving various objectives, such as preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, advancing the U.S. economic interests at home and abroad, aiding regional stability, implementing anti-terrorism and crime controls, and protecting human rights.
What is the Export Control Reform Act of 2018?
Introduced in House (02/15/2018) To authorize the President to control the export, reexport, and transfer of commodities, software, and technology to protect the national security, and to promote the foreign policy, of the United States, and for other purposes.
How did the Export Control Act of 1940 alienate Japan?
The Export Control Act of July 2, 1940 authorized the President, in the interest of national defense, to prohibit or curtail the export of basic war materials. Under that act, licenses were refused for the export to Japan of aviation gasoline and most types of machine tools, beginning in August 1940.
Why are exports controlled by government?
The United States imposes export controls to protect national security interests and promote foreign policy objectives related to dual-use goods and less-sensitive military items through implementation of the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) (15 CFR Parts 730 – 774).
What is an ECCN number EAR99?
An ECCN is a five-digit alphanumeric designations that categorize items based on the nature of the product, i.e. type of commodity, software, or technology and its respective technical parameters. An example of an ECCN is 0A979, which corresponds to police helmets and shields.
Why are exports controlled?
The United States imposes export controls to protect national security interests and promote foreign policy objectives.
Why did the US cut off oil to Japan?
In 1940 Japan invaded French Indochina in an effort to embargo all imports into China, including war supplies purchased from the U.S. This move prompted the United States to embargo all oil exports, leading the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) to estimate it had less than two years of bunker oil remaining and to support …
When did U.S. discourage the export of planes or aircraft parts to Japan?
July 2, 1940
The Export Control Act of July 2, 1940 authorized the President, in the interest of national defense, to prohibit or curtail the export of basic war materials. Under that act, licenses were refused for the export to Japan of aviation gasoline and most types of machine tools, beginning in August 1940.
What is the export control reform initiative?
The ECR Initiative, which is not related to the President’s National Export Initiative, is designed to enhance U.S. national security and strengthen the United States’ ability to counter threats such as the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The Administration is implementing the reform in three phases.
What are the three phases of the export control reform?
The Administration is implementing the reform in three phases. Phases I and II reconcile various definitions, regulations, and policies for export controls, all the while building toward Phase III, which will create a single control list, single licensing agency, unified information technology system, and enforcement coordination center.
How does export control reform affect the US economy?
This adversely affects the competitiveness of key U.S. manufacturing and technology sectors, and gives customers the option of buying from foreign competitors with fewer restrictions. Export Control Reform (ECR), an initiative of the Obama Administration, seeks to revamp an outdated, complicated, and sluggish export control regime.
What is the purpose of the Export Control Act?
To authorize the President to control the export, reexport, and transfer of commodities, software, and technology to protect the national security, and to promote the foreign policy, of the United States, and for other purposes.