Does phenytoin cause hyperplasia of the gums?
Phenytoin has been shown to induce gingival overgrowth by its interaction with a subpopulation of sensitive fibroblasts. Cyclosporine has been suggested to affect the metabolic function of fibroblast (eg, collagen synthesis, breakdown).
How does phenytoin cause swollen gums?
The inflammatory changes that occur within the gingival tissues seem to orchestrate the interaction between the drug and fibroblast. Phenytoin and its metabolites have a direct action on the high-activity fibroblast population present in the gingiva leading to a subsequent increase in collagen production.
How does phenytoin affect gums?
In some patients (usually younger patients), tenderness, swelling, or bleeding of the gums (gingival hyperplasia) may appear soon after phenytoin treatment is started. To help prevent this, brush and floss your teeth carefully and regularly and massage your gums.
What are the symptoms of gingival hyperplasia?
Gingival hyperplasia symptoms
- tender gums.
- inflammation.
- pain.
- bad breath.
- plaque buildup on teeth.
Does Dilantin cause gingivitis?
This agent remains as one of the most commonly prescribed medications to treat epilepsy and it may also be used in cases of neuralgias and cardiac arrhythmias [7]. It is estimated that about 30 to 50% of patients taking phenytoin develop significant gingival alterations [8].
How does nifedipine cause gingival enlargement?
[2] Various factors were attributed for the overgrowth of gingiva in nifedipine-induced hyperplasia, which include high plaque index (poor oral hygiene), high dose of the drug, genetic factors, individual susceptibility, and interaction between drugs and metabolites with the fibroblasts of gingiva.
Can nifedipine cause gingival hyperplasia?
The principal action of nifedipine is to inhibit the influx of extracellular calcium ions across the membranes of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle cells, without changing serum calcium concentration (1). One of the side effects of this drug is gingival hyperplasia which was first described in 1984 by Lederman (2).
Does Dilantin cause bleeding gums?
Phenytoin may cause swelling and bleeding of the gums. Massage your gums and brush and floss your teeth regularly to minimize this problem.
What drugs cause hyperplasia?
One class of drugs known to cause gingival hyperplasia is calcium channel blockers….Other drugs that can cause gingival hyperplasia are:
- amlodipine (Norvasc)
- ethosuximide (Zarontin.
- lamotrigine (Lamictal)
- nifedipine (Adalat)
- phenobarbitone (Luminal)
- primidone (Mysoline)
- topiramate (Topamax)
- vigabatrin (Sabril)
What drugs cause gingival hyperplasia?
Drug-induced gingival overgrowth is a side effect associated principally with 3 types of drugs: anticonvulsant (phenytoin), immunosuppressant (cyclosporine A), and various calcium channel blockers (nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem).
What is drug-induced gingival hyperplasia?
Drug-induced gingival hyperplasia (DIGH) is a periodontal side effects of certain drugs, causing swelling, bleeding, and problems with chewing, aesthetics, and pronunciation. In more severe cases, it can cause high mobility and detachment of the teeth due to alveolar bone absorption.
Which hypertensive drug causes gingival hyperplasia?
Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, used as antihypertensive drug has been found associated with gingival hyperplasia.
Does phenytoin affect gingival fibroblasts of healthy volunteers?
One of the main drugs associated with the gingival overgrowth is the anti-epileptic such as phenytoin, which affects gingival tissues by altering extracellular matrix metabolism. In our study, we evaluate the effect of phenytoin, a drug whose active substance is phenytoin, on gingival fibroblasts of healthy volunteers.
What are the possible side effects of phenytoin?
Last updated on Oct 27, 2021. Commonly reported side effects of phenytoin include: congenital anomalies.
What is the mechanism of gingival hyperplasia?
Some, like the urticarial or eczematous, are clearly based on an allergic or immunologic mechanism; others are utterly obscure in mechanism. Such is the gingival hyperplasia caused by phenytoin.
What is Dilantin (diphenylhydantoin) gingival hyperplasia?
Diphenylhydantoin [Dilantin] gingival hyperplasia: drug-induced abnormality of connective tissue. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1976;73(8):2909–2912. [PMC free article][PubMed] [Google Scholar] 77. Bergen DC. Pharmacokinetics of phenytoin, reminders and discoveries. Epilepsy Currents.