What are the signs and symptoms of hypophosphatemia?
Some of the tell-tale signs you might have hypophosphatemia, include:
- Muscle weakness.
- Softening or weakening of bones.
- Chronic depletion.
- Depletion of muscles.
- Issues with the blood.
- Altered mental state.
- Seizures.
- Numbness.
What happens when you have low phosphate levels?
Symptoms of hypophosphatemia occur only when the phosphate level in blood becomes very low. Muscle weakness develops, followed by stupor, coma, and death. In mild chronic hypophosphatemia, the bones can weaken, resulting in bone pain and fractures. People may become weak and lose their appetite.
What is the most common cause of hypophosphatemia?
Hypophosphatemia is most commonly induced by one of three causes: Inadequate phosphate intake. Increased phosphate excretion. Shift from extracellular phosphate into the intracellular space.
What are the signs and symptoms of hyperphosphatemia?
Signs and symptoms of acute hyperphosphatemia result from the effects of hypocalcemia, with patients occasionally reporting symptoms such as muscle cramps, tetany, and perioral numbness or tingling. Other symptoms include bone and joint pain, pruritus, and rash.
What is considered severe hypophosphatemia?
Hypophosphatemia is defined as mild (2-2.5 mg/dL, or 0.65-0.81 mmol/L), moderate (1-2 mg/dL, or 0.32-0.65 mmol/L), or severe (< 1 mg/dL, or 0.32 mmol/L).
What is severe hypophosphatemia?
Severe chronic hypophosphatemia usually results from a prolonged negative phosphate balance. Causes include. Chronic starvation or malabsorption, often in patients with alcohol use disorder, especially when combined with vomiting or copious diarrhea.
What is a dangerously low phosphate level?
You may not know that your blood phosphate levels are lower than normal, if they are not life-threateningly low. If your phosphorous levels are below 1.0 mg/dL, your tissues may have more trouble connecting hemoglobin with oxygen – which is critical for breathing.
Who is most at risk for phosphorus deficiency?
Other individuals at risk of hypophosphatemia include alcoholics, diabetics recovering from an episode of diabetic ketoacidosis, patients with respiratory alkalosis, and starving or anorexic patients on refeeding regimens that are high in calories but too low in phosphorus (reviewed in 4).
What medications treat hypophosphatemia?
In chronic hypophosphatemia, standard treatment includes oral phosphate supplementation and active vitamin D. Future treatment for specific disorders associated with chronic hypophosphatemia may include cinacalcet, calcitonin, or dypyrimadole.
How do you fix hypophosphatemia?
Treatment of hypophosphatemia is twofold: (1) correct any precipitating causes of hypophosphatemia, and (2) replace total body phosphates. Depending on the clinical situation, replacement options include dietary phosphate, oral phosphate preparations, and IV phosphate.
What is Renvela used for?
Generic Name: sevelamer carbonate Sevelamer is used to lower high blood phosphorus (phosphate) levels in patients who are on dialysis due to severe kidney disease. Dialysis removes some phosphate from your blood, but it is difficult to remove enough to keep your phosphate levels balanced.
How long does it take to correct hypophosphatemia?
In most asymptomatic patients, the serum phosphate level spontaneously normalizes over several days when factors inducing hypophosphatemia are corrected. In patients with minimal symptoms or moderate hypophosphatemia (serum phosphate 1-2 mg/dL), providing oral phosphate replacement may be desirable.
What is hypophosphatemia?
Hypophosphatemia is an abnormally low level of phosphate in the blood. Phosphate is an electrolyte that helps your body with energy production and nerve function.
What are the treatment options for hypophosphatemia?
If your hypophosphatemia is severe, you may need to get high doses of phosphate through a vein (IV). People with the familial form will need to take both phosphate and vitamin D supplements to protect their bones. They may also need dental sealants to protect their teeth from decay.
What is the normal range for hypophosphatemia?
For adults, hypophosphatemia is generally defined by serum phosphate concentration below 2.5 mg/dl (0.8 millimolar). However, infants have higher normal phosphate ranges than adults, and these values gradually decline throughout childhood and adolescence to adult levels (2, 3).
How is hypophosphataemia diagnosed?
Hypophosphataemia is diagnosed using a simple blood test to measure phosphate levels, which can be carried out as an outpatient. Vitamin D, calcium and parathyroid hormone levels may also be measured at the same time. Depending on the results, further tests may then need to be carried out to determine the cause of the low phosphate levels.