What is intraoperative microelectrode recording?
Intraoperative microelectrode recordings (MERs) are commonly used to verify and refine targeting of DBS electrode placement during STN DBS surgery for PD.
How do microelectrodes work?
Microelectrodes are biopotential electrodes with an ultrafine tapered tip that can be inserted into individual biological cells. These electrodes serve an important role in recording action potentials from single cells and are commonly used in neurophysiological studies.
What are microelectrodes used for?
Microelectrodes are used during electrophysiology experiments to record electrical activity from neurons, but they can also be used to deliver electrical current into the brain or to neurons in culture in a process called microstimulation.
What does microelectrode measure?
Impalement of living cells with microelectrodes (MEs) is a useful approach to measure a variety of biological parameters such as membrane potential (Vm), intracellular free ion concentrations and cell-to-cell communication.
What is considered intraoperative?
Intraoperative. The intraoperative period begins when the patient is transferred to the operating room table and ends with the transfer of a patient to the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). During this period the patient is monitored, anesthetized, prepped, and draped, and the operation is performed.
What happens intraoperative phase?
Intraoperative Phase During this phase, the patient will be prepped and typically given some form of anesthesia, either general anesthesia (for complete unconsciousness), local anesthesia (to prevent pain while awake), or regional anesthesia (such as with a spinal or epidural block).
What is intracranial recording?
Intracranial monitoring helps doctors pinpoint where seizures are starting in the brain. In addition, the tests help “map” the brain, identifying areas that govern the brain’s essential functions. Neurosurgeons use these data in planning a patient’s epilepsy surgery.
What are the types of microelectrodes?
Electrodes: What Are They? (And The Types of Electrodes Used)
- What are Electrodes?
- Microelectrodes. Metal Microelectrode. Non-Metal Microelectrode (Micropipet)
- Depth and Needle Electrodes. Depth Electrodes. Applications of Depth Electrodes. Needle Electrodes. Applications of Needle Electrodes.
What are microelectrode studies?
Microelectrodes are very small electrodes (about one micrometer in dimensions) that can be inserted into the plasma membrane while not destroying or causing damage to the cell. They are used for studying the electrophysiology of living cells and tissues.
What is the use of a microelectrode in polarography?
In polarography the microelectrode is a dropping mercury electrode (DME). The method is used for the analysis of electroreducible or oxidizable metal, ion or organic substance (electroactive species).
What is an intraoperative assessment?
Intraoperative assessment is performed with an instrument, such as the sample Objective Assessment of Technical Skills tool shown in the box. It may be used alone with a designated procedure or to complement the preoperative plan.
What is intraoperative pain?
Intraoperative pain techniques may involve multiple systemic pharmacologic agents and, in some cases, regional pharmacologic therapy (epidural administration and selective peripheral nerve blockade). Chronic postsurgical pain is defined as pain lasting more than 3 to 6 months after surgery.
What is the history of microelectrode recording?
Since its introduction by Albe-Fessard and Guiot [22] in the early 1960s, microelectrode recording (MER) has been performed in the human thalamus during surgery for parkinsonism and other movement disorders [23-33]. There is now a growing literature on microelectrode recording in the human GPi [34-41] and the human STN [42].
What is microelectrode recording of single neuron activity (Mer)?
The neurophysiological technique of microelectrode recording (MER) of single neuron activity is used as an adjunct approach to ensure that the DBS electrode is correctly placed within the target structure. MER involves the placement of a fine micro-electrode wire along the planned trajectory to the target.
What is the best technique for microelectrode recording of action potentials?
There is now a growing literature on microelectrode recording in the human GPi [34-41] and the human STN [42]. The most common technique is recording of single-unit, extracellular action potentials using high impedence (0.1-1.0 Mohm at 1000 Hz) tungsten or platinum-iridium microelectrodes [28,36,41,43].
What is a microelectrode?
Microelectrodes are electrodes with tip areas of the order of micrometers, i.e., so small that they do not induce significant damage in the sample to be tested.