What are phenolics secondary metabolites?
Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites, which are produced in the shikimic acid of plants and pentose phosphate through phenylpropanoid metabolization [1]. They contain benzene rings, with one or more hydroxyl substituents, and range from simple phenolic molecules to highly polymerized compounds [2] (Figure 1).
Are secondary metabolites present in animals?
Animals contain many unique small molecules, including bioactive secondary metabolites (1, 2). The compounds are thought to be protective, offensive, or involved in communication (pheromones and hormones) (3,–5).
What are examples of phenolics?
Classification of Phenolic Compounds
| Polyphenolic Compounds | Example |
|---|---|
| Phenolic acids | Hydroxycinnamic acids Caffeic acid Chlorogenic acid Ferulic acid Sinapic acid Caftaric acids Neochlorogenic acid p-Coumaric acid |
| Hydroxybenzoic acids Ellagic acid Gallic acid | |
| Flavonoids | Flavonols Myricetin Quercetin Kaempferol Isorhamnetin |
Are phenolics metabolites?
Phenolic compounds are the secondary metabolites of plants which constitute an important group, i.e., phenylpropanoids. These compounds possess an aromatic ring and various OH groups which are link to it. On the basis of classification, phenolic compounds are prorated into various subgroups.
What are phenolics used for?
Phenol-containing products are used as chemical peels to remove skin lesions and treat severe pain. Phenol in low concentrations is used as a disinfectant in household cleaners and mouthwash. Phenol used as a slimicide (a chemical toxic to bacteria and fungi characteristic of aqueous slimes) is a type of disinfectant.
What are plant phenolics?
Phenolics are aromatic benzene ring compounds with one or more hydroxyl groups produced by plants mainly for protection against stress. The functions of phenolic compounds in plant physiology and interactions with biotic and abiotic environments are difficult to overestimate.
What are secondary metabolites in animals?
Secondary metabolites (SMs) are generally defined as small organic molecules produced by an organism that are not essential for their growth, development and reproduction.
What are secondary metabolites name the 3 groups of secondary metabolites?
The three main classes of fungal secondary metabolites are: polyketides, nonribosomal peptides and terpenes.
How many types of phenolics are there?
There are two classes of phenolic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycinnamic acids.
How many phenolics are there?
The phenolic compounds which occur commonly in food material may be classified into three groups, namely, simple phenols and phenolic acids, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoids.
Is alkaloid a phenolic compound?
Phenolics, together with alkaloids, represent some of the main groups of plant secondary metabolites with health benefits [1, 3, 28], rendering them of putative practical interest in pharmacology and related fields. In the study, more total phenols than alkaloids in C.
What is the meaning of phenolic?
noun. Definition of phenolic (Entry 2 of 2) 1 : a usually thermosetting resin or plastic made by condensation of a phenol with an aldehyde and used especially for molding and insulating and in coatings and adhesives. — called also phenolic resin. 2 : phenol sense 2.