What are virulence factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
In the present review, the virulence determinants have been divided into the following categories based on their function, molecular features or cellular localization: (1) Lipid and fatty acid metabolism, including catabolism of cholesterol, (2) cell envelope proteins: including cell wall proteins, lipoproteins and …
What are the main virulence factors?
Virulence factors characterized as important for attachment and invasion in human infection are CPS, β-hemolysin, C proteins, and pilus-like proteins. Experimental models of infection have demonstrated that antibodies to these surface structures are protective.
What are virulent bacteria?
Abstract. Virulence is described as an ability of an organism to infect the host and cause a disease. Virulence factors are the molecules that assist the bacterium colonize the host at the cellular level. These factors are either secretory, membrane associated or cytosolic in nature.
What is the most important virulence factor?
With the most common etiological agent, Escherichia coli, it has been demonstrated that an important virulence factor is the ability of the bacterial cells to adhere to epithelial cells in the urinary tract mucosa.
What is virulence factors of bacteria?
How do you determine virulence factors?
There are three general experimental ways for the virulence factors to be identified: biochemically, immunologically, and genetically. For the most part, the genetic approach is the most extensive way in identifying the bacterial virulence factors.
What are the virulence factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Major pneumococcal-protein virulence factors, such as pneumolysin, neuraminidases, the cell-surface proteins PspA, PspC and LytA and the metal-ion-binding proteins PsaA, PiaA and PiuA, have specific roles in respiratory colonization and disease.
Are Exotoxins virulence factors?
Toxins. A major category of virulence factors are bacterial toxins. These are divided into two groups: endotoxins and exotoxins.
Why is Mycobacterium tuberculosis considered acid fast?
This stain is used to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. Acid-fast organisms have a lipoid capsule that has a high molecular weight and is waxy at room temperature. This makes the organism impenetrable by aqueous-based staining solutions.
How is a bacterial virulence factor promotes its own secretion?
Bacterial virulence mechanisms are attractive targets for antibiotic development because they are required for the pathogenesis of numerous global infectious disease agents. The bacterial secretion systems used to assemble the surface structures that promote adherence and deliver protein virulence e …
What is the causative organism of tuberculosis?
Types of Tuberculosis (TB) Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis.
Are toxins virulence factors?
Factors that are produced by a microorganism and evoke disease are called virulence factors. Examples are toxins, surface coats that inhibit phagocytosis, and surface receptors that bind to host cells. Is exotoxin A virulence factor? Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) is the most toxic virulence factor of this bacterium.