What is 1x and 2X vibration?
A 1X and 2X vibration signal predominant in the axial direction is generally the indicator of a misalignment between two coupled shafts.
What is 2X in vibration analysis?
This means vibrations in 2 axis. It means that there are variable forces that cause vibrations being applied on a body in 2 axises. For example, if you are traveling in a car on an ideally smooth road, there are no vertical (z-axis) vibrations.
What is FTF in vibration?
The Fundamental Train Frequency, abbreviated FTF, is the rotation rate of the cage or ball retainer. It is usually about 0.4 times the running speed. The FTF itself is seldom seen in a vibration spectrum because the cage is not very massive and caries essentially no load.
How do you calculate Fmax in vibration?
On these machines, the general rule is to set F-MAX at 200 times the run speed. If the number of teeth in the gear are known, the formula is 3.25 times the teeth number, multiplied by the RPM. An example of this would be if the number of teeth was 17, and the RPM was 1750, F-MAX would be 97,000x.
What is 1x 2x 3x in vibration?
‘1x’ represents the shaft turning speed. For example, if the rotor rotates at 1000 RPM then ‘1x’ will be 1000. Similarly ‘2x’ will 2000 RPM (two times the shaft turning speed), ‘3x’ will be 3000 RPM (three times the shaft turning speed), and so on.
What is 2x line frequency vibration?
The magnetic flux produced by current-carrying conductors in AC machines alternates at line frequency (FL). Therefore all AC motors produce a 2 X line frequency vibration. In power systems that operate at 60 Hz, the vibration frequency is 120 Hz.
What is 1x in vibration analysis?
The expression “1x” means vibration at the same frequency as the running speed of the machine. If a machine runs at 1789 rpm, the 1x vibration would be at 1789 cpm. Excessive vibration at 1x could be caused by a wide range of problems, and further testing is normally required in order pinpoint the issue.
What is BPFO BPFI?
Ball pass frequency of the outer race (BPFO): It is the rate at which the ball/roller passes a defect in the outer race 4. Ball pass frequency of the inner race (BPFI): It is the rate at which a ball/roller passes a defect in the inner race.
What causes high blade pass frequency?
Other, less common causes for high blade pass frequency amplitudes are rotor or housing eccentricity, non-uniform variable pitch blades, improper performance parameters that can cause cavitation, looseness of the impeller on the shaft, and pump starvation.
What is fT and Fmax?
frequency fT, the maximum oscillation frequency fmax, the minimum Noise Figure NFmin (and sometimes 1/f noise).
What is Fmax and lines of resolution?
LINES OF RESOLUTION Each line will cover a range of frequencies, and the resolution of each line can be calculated simply by dividing the overall frequency (Fmax) by the number of lines. For example, an Fmax of 120,000 CPM and 400 lines gives a resolution of 300 CPM per line.
What is G in vibration?
Vibration can be expressed in metric units (m/s2) or units of gravitational constant “g,” where 1 g = 9.81 m/s2. An object can vibrate in two ways: free vibration and forced vibration. Free vibration occurs when an object or structure is displaced or impacted and then allowed to oscillate naturally.
What is the timewaver frequency?
The TimeWaver Frequency is a modular system for frequency therapy, consisting of hardware, software and diverse electrodes. The high-quality hardware is made of solid aluminium and has in its interior a galvanic isolation and high-quality components, frequency generators from 0.1 Hz to 10 Mhz and reliable technology „Made in Germany“.
What is frequency response and why is it important?
Frequency Response describes the range of frequencies or musical tones a component can reproduce. Frequency response measures if and how well a particular audio component reproduces all of these audible frequencies and if it makes any changes to the signal on the way through.
How do you analyze time waveform data?
The analysis of time waveform data is not a new technique. In the early days of vibration analysis time waveform data was viewed on oscilloscopes and frequency components calculated by hand. The relationship between frequency and time is as follows: f = 1/p
What is the frequency response of the signal chain?
Every component in the signal chain should ideally have a flat frequency response, so that the sound passes through unaltered. But the reality is that many components don’t offer ideal performance.