What is nonyl phenol used for?
Nonylphenols. Nonylphenols (NPs) are a family of closely related organic compounds called alkylphenols. They are used in manufacturing antioxidants, lubricating oil additives, laundry and dish detergents, emulsifiers, and solubilizers (Soares et al., 2008).
How do you make nonyl phenol?
Production. Nonylphenol can be produced industrially, naturally, and by the environmental degradation of alkylphenol ethoxylates. Industrially, nonylphenols are produced by the acid-catalyzed alkylation of phenol with a mixture of nonenes. This synthesis leads to a very complex mixture with diverse nonylphenols.
What are NPE chemicals?
NP/NPEs, also known as nonylphenols and nonylphenol ethoxylates, are nonionic surfactants, or detergent-like substances, with uses that lead to widespread release into aquatic environments. NP/NPEs are highly toxic to aquatic life.
What is alkyl phenol ethoxylate?
Alkylphenol ethoxylates are nonionic surfactants, consisting of branched-chain alkylphenols, which react with ethylene oxide, producing an ethoxylate chain. The octyl and nonyl groups in alkylphenols are made from diisobutylene and tripropylene, respectively.
What is alkylated phenol?
Alkylphenols are a family of organic compounds obtained by the alkylation of phenols. The term is usually reserved for commercially important propylphenol, butylphenol, amylphenol, heptylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, dodecylphenol and related “long chain alkylphenols” (LCAPs).
What is nonylphenol polyethylene glycol ether?
Nonoxynols also known as nonaethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol nonyl phenyl ether are mixtures of nonionic surfactants used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents or defoaming agents.
Is BHT an alkylphenol?
2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)) belongs to the broad group of alkyl phenols and as alkyl phenol ethoxylates BHT is on the Danish EPA “List of Undesirable Substances” latest updated in 2009.
What is ethoxylated alkyl phenol?
What is ethoxylated alcohol used for?
Alcohol ethoxylates (AE) are a major class of non-ionic surfactants which are widely used in laundry detergents and to a lesser extent in household cleaners, institutional and industrial cleaners, cosmetics, agriculture, and in textile, paper, oil and other process industries.
Why does phenol have a low pKa?
Why does phenol have a low pKa? Nitro groups are very powerful electron-withdrawing groups. The phenol derivative picric acid has a pKa of 0.25, lower than that of trifluoroacetic acid. Use a resonance argument to explain why picric acid has such a low pKa. Notice that the methoxy group increases the pKa of the phenol group – it makes it less
How to pronounce nonylphenol?
nonylphenol的發音，nonylphenol的讀音，nonylphenol怎麼讀，nonylphenol sound English Dictionary Japanese Dictionary French Dictionary Korean Dictionary Russian Dictionary Chinese Dictionary Hindi
Why is phenol not soluble in NaHCO3?
Why is phenol not soluble in NaHCO3? Due to resonance effect (delocalisation of negative charge) phenoxide ion is less basic than alkoxide ion. This means that phenol is more acidic than alcohol.
What are common uses for phenol?
Health benefits. Despite its toxicity in its pure form,phenol has been shown to have numerous health benefits.