What is pulmonary surfactant made of?
Pulmonary surfactant is a complex lipoprotein system, exquisitely conserved across species. Surfactant is composed of 90 wt % lipids and 10 wt % proteins. Phospholipids are the major lipid component of surfactant, especially dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) (19, 20).
How does lecithin reduce surface tension?
Surfactant like lecithin is a lipoprotein molecule that reduces the force of surface tension from water molecules on the lung tissue. The main reason that surfactant has this function is due to a lipid called dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) which contains hydophilic and hydrophobic ends.
What is the role of pulmonary surfactant?
Human pulmonary surfactant (PS) is an endogenous lipoprotein complex produced naturally in the lungs. PS forms a layer on the alveolar epithelium and is responsible in reducing surface tension at the air-fluid interface on the alveolar surface (Agassandian and Mallampalli, 2013).
How is lung surfactant made?
The pulmonary surfactant is produced by the alveolar type-II (AT-II) cells of the lungs. It is essential for efficient exchange of gases and for maintaining the structural integrity of alveoli. Surfactant is a secretory product, composed of lipids and proteins.
How is surfactant made?
Surfactant is produced exclusively by alveolar type II epithelial cells and stored in specialized organelles called lamellar bodies (LBs) until it is secreted into the lumen of the alveolus. Secreted surfactant is recycled by type II cells to be repackaged and secreted again.
How is phosphatidylcholine made?
As is the case for the other glycerophospholipids, phosphatidylcholines are composed of two fatty acids covalently linked to a glycerol moiety by ester bonds in the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. The third carbon of glycerol is esterified to phosphorylcholine.
What is phosphatidylcholine structure?
Phosphatidylcholines (lecithins, PtdCho, GPCho, or PC) belong to the group of ester phospholipids within the phospholipids. Their structure consists of a glycerol backbone linked to two fatty acids and a phosphocholine molecule. The fatty acids can be of variable length, hydroxylated, and contain double bonds.
Does surfactant increase surface tension?
Surfactant stabilizes the inflation of alveoli because it allows the surface tension to increase as the alveoli become larger (seeFig. 21.10B).
How pulmonary surfactant is formed describe its composition and function?
Pulmonary surfactant is a mixture of lipids and proteins which is secreted by the epithelial type II cells into the alveolar space. Its main function is to reduce the surface tension at the air/liquid interface in the lung.
Where is pulmonary surfactant produced?
the lungs
Summary Pulmonary surfactant is a complex mixture of specific lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, which is produced in the lungs by type II alveolar epithelial cells. The mixture is surface active and acts to decrease surface tension at the air–liquid interface of the alveoli.
What is Bles surfactant?
DESCRIPTION BLES®(bovine lipid extract surfactant) is extracted from bovine lung surfactant. The manufacturing process removes hydrophilic proteins, the majority of which is SP-A, and selects for hydrophobic phospholipids and SP-B and SP-C.
What is composition roofing?
This type of composition roofing has been intelligently refined over the years. It looks like a one-layer product with an unmistakable pattern of tabs. This pattern is created by vertical slots that are notched into the visible portion of each shingle, dividing the lower half of every shingle into three tabs.
What is Bles®?
BLES Biochemicals Inc., the market leader for pulmonary surfactant in Canada, manufactures and distributes BLES®(bovine lipid extract surfactant). BLES®is a pulmonary surfactant for use in the treatment of premature infants suffering from Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
What are roof shingles made of?
Each shingle includes a fiberglass sheet in the center. The fiberglass is coated with mineral fillers that adhere to the fiberglass. The shingles are then covered with asphalt to make them waterproof, and the top layer is coated with ceramic granules.
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